Unit 8 Teaching vocabulary-叮咚漫画漫画
这一单元也是重点哦。重点内容主要包括:what does it mean to know a word? denotive meaning, connotative meaning, sense relations, receptive & productive vocabulary, ways of presenting vocabulary, vocabulary learning strategies。另外,这一单元的很多教学方法都可以应用在我们的教案中,能使我们的教学设计更加丰富有趣。
章节框架今日份教材精读(P122、P123、P131的活动自己看书了解即可):
第一大重点:学习词汇应包含的内容、词汇学习的两层含义、语义关系、接受性词汇和产出性词汇
1.What does knowing a word involve?
(1)Knowing a word means knowing
its pronunciation and stress;
spelling and grammatical properties 语法特征
its meaning;
how and when to use it to express the intended meaning.
Learning a word involves learning more than just the word itself. Lexical items词条can be phrases,clauses or sentences.
了解词汇的发音和重音;拼写和语法特征;意思;如何和何时用它来表达特定的意思
(2)what aspects of vocabulary learning?
According to Hedge (2000),vocabulary learning “involves at least two aspects of meaning. The first aspect involves the understanding of its denotative and connotative meaning. The second aspect involves understanding the sense relations among words.”
1) *Denotative meaning 字面意义:
the primary, literal or explicit meaning of a word, which refers to “those words that we use to label things as regards real objects, such as a name or a sign, etc. in the physical world.单词或词汇项目的外延意义指的是一种语言基本的概念性的意义。
*Connotative meaning 隐含意义:
the meaning of a word or phrase that is suggested or implied, as opposed to a denotation, or literal meaning指与外延意义相关的情感意义的总和(文化、感情、态度和信仰等方面)。
2) Sense relations 语义关系
Collocations搭配词:words that co-occur with high frequency and have been accepted as ways for the use of words
synonyms同义词: items that mean the same, or nearly the same
antonyms反义词: items that mean the opposite of a word
hyponyms下义词words which can be grouped together under the same superordinate (上义词) concept
这种类型的词汇包含单词搭配、同义词、反义词和下义词。
3) Receptive and productive vocabulary(消极性词汇∕接受性词汇)和(积极性词汇∕产出性词汇)
Receptive vocabulary:refers to words that one is able to recognize and comprehend in reading or listening but unable to use automatically in speaking or writing.
Productive vocabulary:words that one is not only able to recognize but also able to use in speech and writing.
第二大重点:讲解词汇的方式
1. How can we present new vocabulary items?
①Provide visual or physical demonstration (pictures, video clips, mimes or gestures to show meaning).
②Provide a verbal context to demonstrate meaning. Then ask students to tell the meaning first before it’s offered by the teacher.
③ Use synonyms or antonyms to explain meaning.
④ Use lexical sets or hyponyms to show relations of words and their meanings.
⑤Translate and exemplify.
⑥Use word formation rules and common affixes to build new lexical knowledge on what is already known.
⑦Teach vocabulary in chunks. Chunks refers to a group of words that go together to form meaning or ‘pre-fabricated formulaic items’.
⑧ Thinks about the context in real life where the word might be used.
⑨Think about providing different context for introducing new words.
⑩Prepare for possible misunderstanding or confusion that students may have.
尝试让学生各种手段如视觉、听觉、行为等方式来熟悉新学的单词。让学生参加听、说、读、写等多种方式巩固知识。为学生创造各种以他们自己的方法使用词汇的有益的个性化的方式。请注意,学生不是一教就会的,只有在不同的语境或任务下,七次碰到所学的单词,他们才真正学生这些单词。
Some things that a teacher does after presentation
—— use multiple senses such as visual, auditory, action. to get familiar with the newly learned words.(activities involving listening, speaking, reading, writing or acting).
——It is important for the teacher to create meaningful and personalized tasks for the students to use the words in their own ways.
第三大重点:巩固词汇的方式
2. What are some effective ways to consolidate vocabulary?
①Labelling 标注词汇
②Spot the difference 找出不同
③Describe and draw 描述和画图
④Play a game 做游戏
⑤Use word series 使用同系列单词
⑥Word bingo 填格子游戏
⑦Word association 词语联想
⑧Find synonyms and antonyms 找同义词和反义词
⑨Categories 用词类
⑩Using word net-work 使用词汇网
⑪Using the Internet for more ideas 利用网络资源
第四大重点:发展词汇学习策略
3. How do we help students develop vocabulary learning strategies?
1. Review regularly
2. Guess meaning from context
contextual clue语境提示: the topic, the grammatical structure, meaning connect between the given word and other words, linguistic pattern.
3. Organize vocabulary effectively
4. Use a dictionary (what dictionary, how to use, what to look for, when to use)
5. keep a vocabulary notebook (in different formats规格)
6. Manage strategy use: self-evaluate; share experiences
一般每次更新一个单元,单元内容较多时会分为上、下两期更新。
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